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1.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37107763

RESUMO

During the last decade, gambling (online and offline) regulation has become a social and epidemiological problem all around Europe. The aftermaths of this addiction have increased since the so-called "responsible gambling law", in the second decade of the 21st century. The Overton window (OW) strategy is a political theory that describes how the perception of public opinion can be modified so that ideas that are inconceivable for society become accepted over time. The objective of this study is to identify whether an OW has been used to bias the adequacy of the gambling debate, as well as its scientific, legal, and political bases and the main consequences for both the general population and the major risk groups, especially the consequences in social and health contexts. The study was conducted by the application of the historical-logical method as the central axis of analysis and reflection, and the technique of qualitative research content analysis as a procedure in the process of execution of the scientific task, related to a historical trend study of the research object. The main consequences found were: the political acceptance of gambling for economical causes and taxes benefits, the use of popular characters to increase the acceptance of the pattern of behavior, the inclusion of the gambling operators as agents in the risks control, and the absence of intervention until the main consequences have been transformed into an epidemiological problem (with social aftermaths higher than the previously identified related to the gambling problems). Furthermore, the results suggest the need to implement prevention and health promotion strategies and the adoption of specific legal measures that regulate the access and the marketing of gambling operators' activities.


Assuntos
Comportamento Aditivo , Jogo de Azar , Humanos , Jogo de Azar/epidemiologia , Europa (Continente) , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Marketing , Comportamento Aditivo/epidemiologia
2.
Rev. esp. drogodepend ; 47(1): 33-46, ene.-marzo 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-206835

RESUMO

a) Introducción: los programas basados en recuperación de conductas adictivas han evolucionadodesde las comunidades terapéuticas tradicionales hasta las intervenciones actuales, integradas en lasredes sanitarias y sociales, desarrolladas por equipos multidisciplinares profesionales. Esa evoluciónno ha sido sistemática hasta el siglo XXI, con la aparición de la “Ciencia de la Recuperación”. b)Objetivos: analizar el desarrollo de los programas de recuperación, especialmente los modelosteóricos y las buenas prácticas que se desarrollan actualmente en los programas europeos. c)Desarrollo del tema: se analizan cuatro modelos teóricos, relacionados con la recuperación desdeuna perspectiva científica y previamente documentados, relacionados con buenas prácticas. d)Conclusiones: la “Ciencia de la Recuperación” está avanzando hacia modelos y programas validados,replicables y medibles. Sigue siendo necesario adecuar los programas basados en recuperación a lasnecesidades y particularidades de personas y grupos específicos. (AU)


a) Introduction: addictive behaviours recovery-oriented programmes have advanced fromtraditional therapeutic communities to actual interventions integrated in social and health networksand developed by multidisciplinary professional staff. This evolution has not been systematic untilXXIst century, with the beginning of “Science of Recovery”. b) Aims: to analyse the developmentof recovery programmes, especially the theoretical models and good practices actually indevelopment into European programmes. c) Development of the topic: they have been analysedfour theoretical models and two good practices about recovery, from a scientific perspective andexperiences previously documented. d) Conclusions: the “Science of Recovery” is advancing tovalidated, replicable and measurable models and programmes. It´s still necessary to adapt recoveryoriented programmes to needs and particularities of people under treatment and specific groups. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Recuperação da Saúde Mental , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias
3.
Rev. esp. drogodepend ; 47(1): 47-60, ene.-marzo 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-206836

RESUMO

a) Introduction: addictive behaviours recovery-oriented programmes have advanced fromtraditional therapeutic communities to actual interventions integrated in social and health networksand developed by multidisciplinary professional staff. This evolution has not been systematic untilXXIst century, with the beginning of “Science of Recovery”. b) Aims: to analyse the developmentof recovery programmes, especially the theoretical models and good practices actually indevelopment into European programmes. c) Development of the topic: they have been analysedfour theoretical models and two good practices about recovery, from a scientific perspective andexperiences previously documented. d) Conclusions: the “Science of Recovery” is advancing tovalidated, replicable and measurable models and programmes. It´s still necessary to adapt recoveryoriented programmes to needs and particularities of people under treatment and specific groups. (AU)


a) Introducción: los programas basados en recuperación de conductas adictivas han evolucionadodesde las comunidades terapéuticas tradicionales hasta las intervenciones actuales, integradas en lasredes sanitarias y sociales, desarrolladas por equipos multidisciplinares profesionales. Esa evoluciónno ha sido sistemática hasta el siglo XXI, con la aparición de la “Ciencia de la Recuperación”. b)Objetivos: analizar el desarrollo de los programas de recuperación, especialmente los modelosteóricos y las buenas prácticas que se desarrollan actualmente en los programas europeos. c)Desarrollo del tema: se analizan cuatro modelos teóricos, relacionados con la recuperación desdeuna perspectiva científica y previamente documentados, relacionados con buenas prácticas. d)Conclusiones: la “Ciencia de la Recuperación” está avanzando hacia modelos y programas validados,replicables y medibles. Sigue siendo necesario adecuar los programas basados en recuperación a lasnecesidades y particularidades de personas y grupos específicos. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Recuperação da Saúde Mental , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias
4.
Rev. Asoc. Esp. Neuropsiquiatr ; 37(132): 415-437, jul.-dic. 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-169249

RESUMO

En el presente artículo, los autores examinan la fiabilidad y validez de un instrumento que, habiéndose utilizado en otras poblaciones, se consideró de especial interés para las personas con trastorno mental grave. La Escala Multidimensional de Apoyo Social Percibido (EMAS) podría resultar útil para la planificación y aplicación de estrategias de intervención sobre las redes sociales de este colectivo, teniendo en cuenta su percepción de los apoyos sociales. Para poner a prueba esta hipótesis, se seleccionaron tres dispositivos de Rehabilitación Psicosocial para personas con trastorno mental grave de la Comunidad de Madrid. Se reclutó una muestra de 59 personas. Los sujetos fueron evaluados con la EMAS. Las propiedades psicométricas que encontramos muestran que la EMAS es una herramienta óptima para guiar las intervenciones dirigidas a incrementar la percepción de los apoyos recibidos procedentes de amigos, familia y otras personas relevantes (AU)


In the present article, the authors examine the reliability and validity of an instrument that, having previously been used in other populations, was considered to be of special interest for people with severe mental disorders. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) might be useful for the planning and implementation of intervention strategies on the social networks of this collective, taking into account their perception of social support. In order to test this hypothesis, we selected three centers of psychosocial rehabilitation for this population in the Community of Madrid (Spain). A sample of 59 people with severe mental disorder was recruited. Subjects were assessed with the MSPSS. The psychometric properties we found show that the MSPSS is an optimal tool for guiding interventions aimed at increasing the perception of support received from relatives, friends, and significant others (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Apoio Social , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Psicometria/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Avaliação de Eficácia-Efetividade de Intervenções , Rede Social , Transtornos Mentais/reabilitação , Relações Interpessoais , Amigos , Percepção Social
5.
Adicciones (Palma de Mallorca) ; 22(1): 51-58, ene.-mar. 2010. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-78877

RESUMO

Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre la asistencia a un tratamiento de drogodependencia y los valores de Apertura al cambio (Autodirección, Estimulación y Hedonismo) y Conservación (Tradición, Conformidad y Seguridad) de Schwartz en sujetos consumidores de cocaína. Método: El presente estudio, de naturaleza cuasi-experimental, se realizó sobre una muestra de 411 adultos consumidores de cocaína que fueron agrupados en función de si llevaban más de tres meses de tratamiento, menos de tres meses o no recibían ningún tratamiento. A través del cuestionario de valores personales PVQ de Schwartz se midió la prioridad que cada uno de estos grupos de sujetos daba a los valores de Conservación y Apertura al cambio. Resultados: Los sujetos que habían iniciado el tratamiento hacía más de tres meses tendían a puntuar menos en los valores de Apertura al cambio que aquellos sujetos que no estaban bajo tratamiento, aunque no aparecieron diferencias significativas en estos valores entre los sujetos que no estaban bajo tratamiento y los que hacía menos de tres meses que lo habían iniciado. Además, se observó que los sujetos bajo tratamiento, independientemente de que éste fuese inferior o superior a tres meses, puntuaron más alto en los valores de Conservación que los sujetos consumidores de cocaína que no estaban bajo tratamiento. Discusión: Estos resultados ponen de manifiesto la relación de la asistencia a un programa del tratamiento por dependencia de cocaína con los valores personales de los sujetos consumidores y su potencial importancia en el tratamiento y rehabilitación de la dependencia de esta sustancia (AU)


Objective: To analyze the relationship between participation in a drug addiction treatment program and Schwartz’s values of Openness to change (Self-direction, Stimulation and Hedonism) and Conservation (Tradition, Conformity and Security) in cocaine users. Method: The present quasi-experimental study was carried out on a sample of 411adult cocaine users, grouped according to whether they had begun treatment more than three months earlier or less than three months earlier or they were not receiving any treatment. Using Schwartz’s Personal Values Questionnaire (PVQ), we measured the priority given by each of these groups to the values of Conservation and Openness to change. Results: Participants who had initiated the treatment more than three months earlier tended to score lower in the values of Openness to change than those who were not in treatment, though there were no significant differences in these values between those who were not in treatment and those who had been in treatment for less than three months. On the other hand, it was observed that participants in treatment, regardless of the time spent in treatment, scored higher in values of Conservation than the cocaine users who were not in treatment. Discussion: These results reveal the relationship between attendance on a cocaine-dependence treatment program and personal values, together with their potential importance in treatment and rehabilitation programs for cocaine users (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Cocaína/diagnóstico , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Cocaína/psicologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Cocaína/terapia , Valores Sociais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Filosofia , Análise de Variância , Análise Fatorial
6.
Adicciones ; 21(3): 187-94, 2009.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19718489

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To explore empirically the presence of certain To explore empirically the presence of certain factors as risk elements for cocaine consumption. METHOD: Analysis of the data obtained in a set of items that measure the variables of the Planned Behavior Theory (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention) in three groups: Group A is made up of 192 cocaine users without treatment, Group B comprises 110 cocaine users in treatment, and Group C is made up of 100 individuals who had never used cocaine. RESULTS: Group A scored significantly higher in all the variables, while Group C was which obtained the lowest scores. Group B showed no significant differences from Group A in the subjective norm variable, nor from Group C in the perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention variables. DISCUSSION: This study highlights the importance of attitudes and subjective norm in the explanation of current cocaine use, but especially the function of perceived behavioral control as a risk factor that should be taken into account in the design of preventive strategies.


Assuntos
Comportamento , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Cocaína/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Cocaína/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto , Humanos , Fatores de Risco , Adulto Jovem
7.
Adicciones (Palma de Mallorca) ; 21(3): 187-194, jul.-sept. 2009. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-75103

RESUMO

Objetivo: Explorar empíricamente la presencia de determinados factores como elementos de riesgo para el consumo de cocaína. Método: Estudio transversal que compara las puntuaciones obtenidas en un conjunto de ítems que miden las variables de la Teoría de la Conducta Planificada (actitud, norma subjetiva, control conductual percibido e intención conductual) en tres grupos: el grupo A está formado por 192 sujetos consumidores de cocaína sin tratamiento, el grupo B está formado por 110 sujetos consumidores de cocaína en tratamiento y el grupo C lo componen 100 sujetos que nunca habían consumido cocaína. Resultados: El grupo A puntuó significativamente más alto en todas las variables, mientras que el grupo C fue el que obtuvo menores puntuaciones. El grupo B no mostró diferencias significativas con el grupo A en la variable norma subjetiva, ni con el grupo C en las variables control conductual percibido e intención conductual. Discusión: Se subraya la importancia de las actitudes y la norma subjetiva para la explicación del consumo actual de cocaína, pero especialmente, la función del control conductual percibido como factor de riesgo necesario a tomar en cuenta en el diseño de medidas preventivas (AU)


Objective: To explore empirically the presence of certain factors as risk elements for cocaine consumption. Method: Analysis of the data obtained in a set of items that measure the variables of the Planned Behavior Theory (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention) in three groups: Group A is made up of 192 cocaine users without treatment, Group B comprises 110 cocaine users in treatment, and Group C is made up of 100 individuals who had never used cocaine. Results: Group A scored significantly higher in all the variables, while Group C was which obtained the lowest scores. Group B showed no significant differences from Group A in the subjective norm variable, nor from Group C in the perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention variables. Discussion: This study highlights the importance of attitudes and subjective norm in the explanation of current cocaine use, but especially the function of perceived behavioral control as a risk factor that should be taken into account in the design of preventive strategies (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Cocaína/efeitos adversos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Cocaína/terapia , Controle Comportamental/métodos , Controle Comportamental/normas , Fatores de Risco , Atitude , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Cocaína/psicologia , Comportamento Aditivo/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Epidemiologia Descritiva
8.
Interv. psicosoc ; 18(1): 75-88, ene.-abr. 2009. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-98805

RESUMO

Tomando en cuenta la actual necesidad de formular un tratamiento integral para enfermos mentales graves y crónicos, así como la reciente tendencia a la intervención fuera del ámbito institucional, aquí desarrollamos una revisión teórica de dos aportaciones sumamente reconocidas de intervención socio-comunitaria con este tipo de pacientes: el Tratamiento Asertivo Comunitario y el Acompañamiento Terapéutico. Para esto comenzamos definiendo el término "trastorno mental grave y crónico" y realizando una breve revisión de los antecedentes de la intervención socio-comunitaria. Además, se analiza el recurso Equipo de Apoyo Social Comunitario, un dispositivo multidisciplinar de reciente creación en la Comunidad de Madrid, que fundamentado en los anteriores, se aboca a la intervención con este colectivo en el ámbito comunitario. Finalmente, se discuten consideraciones prácticas en este campo, tales como el concepto de "encuadre", el tratamiento "in vivo", el de "conciencia de enfermedad" o la importancia de la implicación de la comunidad en el tratamiento de este colectivo. Del mismo modo, se formulan recomendaciones generales para futuras investigaciones (AU)


In view of both the current need to formulate a comprehensive treatment for severe chronic mentally ill patients and the increasing tendency to outpatient care, this paper presents a theoretical review of two acknowledged socio-community based approaches –the assertive community treatment and the therapeutic accompanying. First, a definition of "severe chronic mental illness" is forwarded along with a brief review of the background of socio-community based intervention. Then, an outline of the community social support team is made -a new multidisciplinary device in Madrid Region for treating this kind of patients. Finally, practical considerations are made about issues such as the concept of setting, in vivo treatment, illness awareness and the importance of community involvement in the treatment of these patients. Some recommendations are also made for future research (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtornos Mentais , Pessoas com Deficiência Mental , Ajustamento Social , Centros Comunitários de Saúde Mental/organização & administração , Avaliação de Eficácia-Efetividade de Intervenções , Redes Comunitárias
9.
Interv. psicosoc ; 17(1): 61-74, ene.-abr. 2008. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-98783

RESUMO

El consumo de drogas es un problema personal y social que se ha abordado desde numerosos frentes y distintas perspectivas. Los estudios sobre los factores de riesgo y protección en el uso y abuso de drogas son abundantes y, mientras que en un principio los investigadores anteponían unos factores sobre otros, en estos momentos se está optando cada vez más por una perspectiva integral y sintética. Este artículo pretende precisamente presentar la perspectiva psicosocial del problema de la adicción a la cocaína, y parte del supuesto de que la Psicología Social posee una capacidad integrativa privilegiada para ofrecer un modelo de análisis lo suficientemente amplio, dentro del cual pueda ocurrir una convergencia de posturas. En primer lugar, se habla de la Teoría de la Conducta Planificada, así como se revisa el Modelo Psicosocial para el Estudio de la Salud Mental. En segundo lugar, se retoma la perspectiva de los estudios de valores y rasgos de personalidad que poseen mayor impacto para el problema de la adicción. Por último, se ofrece un esquema de análisis que integra y resume las aportaciones en el estudio de los factores que afectan al problema de la adicción a la cocaína (AU)


The drugs consumption is a personal and social problem that has been boarded from numerous fronts and different perspectives. The studies about the risk and protection factors of the use and drug abuse are abundant and, whereas at the beginning the researchers focused in only few factors, at the moment it is being used a more integral and synthetic perspective. This article indeed tries to present the psychosocial perspective of the problem of cocaine addiction. Here it is assumed that Social Psychology has a privileged integrative capacity, and it can offer an analysis model big enough to make possible a convergence of different positions. In the first place, the Theory of the Planned Behaviour, as well as the Psycho-Social Model for the Study of the Mental Health is reviewed. Secondly, the studies of values and personality traits having greater impact for the problem of drug addiction are also reviewed. Finally, an analysis scheme is offered that integrates and summarizes the contributions in the study of the factors affecting cocaine addiction (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Psicologia Social/métodos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Cocaína/psicologia , Comportamento Aditivo/psicologia , Cocaína/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Risco , Transtornos da Personalidade/psicologia
10.
Adicciones ; 19(1): 35-44, 2007.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17687880

RESUMO

Cocaine consumption in Spain continues to rise and is reaching an alarming level. This is a descriptive and correlational study in which a transcultural analysis is made with a sample of 62 different countries. The aim of this study is to compare the influence of macrosocial, cultural and economic variables on the behaviour of cocaine abuse. Thus, the importance of the cocaine traffic and supply is shown in relation to the abuse of the same, but recognition and emphasis is given to the presence of other explanatory factors characteristic of societies in which cocaine is abused and demanded. These factors are: predominance of cultural values of self-expression, high index of subjective wellbeing and a high GNP per capita. Finally, the relevance of social factors, environment and socio-economic context, as determinants of cocaine abuse from a trans-cultural perspective, are discussed. The implementation of different actions is proposed: the promotion of values oriented towards self-regulation and self-control, the control of the cocaine supply (direct and indirect), combating early cultural destruction by means of publicity and promoting cultural creation and the diversification of leisure.


Assuntos
Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Cocaína/reabilitação , Cultura , Política Pública , Apoio Social , Comparação Transcultural , Humanos , Psicologia , Valores Sociais , Fatores Socioeconômicos
11.
Adicciones (Palma de Mallorca) ; 19(1): 35-44, ene.-mar. 2007. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-053353

RESUMO

El cosumo de cocaína en España continúa en ascenso y está alcanzando unos niveles alarmantes. Este es un estudio descriptivo y correlacional, en el cual se realiza un análisis transcultural, cultural y económicas poseen en la conducta de abuso de cocaína. Así, se demuestra la importancia del tráfico y oferta de cocaína en relación con el abuso de la misma y se llaga a reconocer y enfatizar la presencia de otros factores explicativos característicos de sociedades en las que se abusa y se demanda cocaína. Estos factores son: predominio de valores culturales de Autoexpresión, altos índices de Bienestar Subjetivo y un elevado PNB per per. Por último, se discuten las características sociales, ambientales y el contexto socio-económico como determinantes del abuso de cocaína desde una perspectiva transcultural y se proponen medidas a implementarse como: el fenómeno de valores orientados a la Autorregulación y Autocontrol, el control de la oferta de cocaína (directo e indirecto), el combatir la destrucción cultural temprana por medio de la publicidad y promover la creación cultural y la diversificación del ocio


Cocaine consumption in Spain continues to rise and is reaching an alarming level. This is a descriptive and correlational study in which a transcultural analysis is made with a sample of 62 different countries. The aim of this study is to compare the influence of macrosocial, cultural and economic variables on the behaviour of cocaine abuse. Thus, the importance of the cocaine traffic and supply is shown in relation to the abuse of the same, but recognition and emphasis is given to the presentce of other explanatory factors characteristics of societies in which cocaine is abused and demanded. These factors are; predominance of cultural values of self-expression, high index of subjective wellbeing and a high GNP per capita. Finally, the relevance of social factors, environment and socio-economic context, as determinants of cocaine abuse from a trans-cultural perspective,a re discussed. The implementation of different action is proposed: the promotion of values oriented towards self-regulation and self-control, the control of the cocaine supply (direct and indirect), combating early cultural destruction by means of publicity and promoting cultural creation and the diversification of leisure


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Cocaína/epidemiologia , Fatores Culturais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Valores Sociais , Controle Social Formal , Promoção da Saúde
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